Safe mode ---Shell account

Pages 189 --193

Page 189 Safe mode --- SceneGraph   Safe mode --- A special mode for starting Windows 95 that uses simple, default settings so that you can at least get into Windows and fix a problem that makes it impossible to work with Windows otherwise. The default settings use a generic VGA monitor driver, no network settings, the standard Microsoft mouse driver, and the minimum device drivers necessary to start Windows. Safe recovery --- An installation option provided by Windows 95 to recover from a faulty or damaged installation of Windows 95. Saturation --- When working with colors, saturation indicates the purity of a color; lower values of saturation have more gray in them. ScanDisk --- A program used to check for, diagnose, and repair damage on a hard disk or diskette. Part of your routine hard disk maintenance, (along with defragmenting your hard disk) should include a periodic run of ScanDisk to keep your hard disk in good repair. In its standard test, ScanDisk checks the files and folders on a disk or diskette for logical errors, and if you ask it to, automatically corrects any errors it finds. ScanDisk checks for crosslinked files, which occur when two or more files have data stored in the same cluster (a storage unit on a disk). The data in the cluster is likely to be correct for only one of the files, and may not be correct for any of them. ScanDisk also checks for lost file fragments, which are pieces of data that have become disassociated with their files. SceneGraph --- The hierarchy of nodes within a VRML file. Page 190 ScO --- Scroll   ScO --- A common group of UNIX OS, most common for networking. Many of the NPR Server See client. Screen fonts --- Font files used to show type styles on the screen. These are different from the files used by Windows to print the fonts. The screen fonts must match the printer fonts in order for Windows to give an accurate screen portrayal of the final printed output. Screen resolution --- The number of picture elements (or "pixels") that can be displayed on the screen. Screen resolution is a function of the monitor and graphics card. Higher resolutions display more information at a smaller size, and also may slow screen performance. Screen resolution is expressed in the number of pixels across the screen by the number of pixels down the screen. Standard VGA has a resolution of 640 x 480, although most modern monitors can display 1024 x 768, and even higher (larger monitors can usually display a higher resolution than smaller ones). Screen saver --- A varying pattern or graphic that appears on the screen when the mouse and keyboard have been idle for a user-definable period of time. Originally used to prevent a static background from being "burned into" the screen phosphors, this is rarely a problem with modern monitors. Many screen savers (including those that come with Windows 95) can be used with a password--you must enter the correct password to turn off the screen saver and return to the screen. However, someone could simply reboot the machine, so a screen saver password is not very sophisticated protection. Scripts --- An HTML page which passes variables back to the server. Scroll --- To look at the parts of the page that fall below (or above) what you see on your screen. The long bar at the far right of this screen is a scroll bar. The small square in it will allow you to scroll through the rest of this page. Just place your mouse pointer over the square, hold down the left click button on the mouse and slide the square up or down. You will see this page move. You are now scrolling. Page 191 Scroll arrow --- Secure channel   Scroll arrow --- Located at either end of a scroll bar, it can be clicked to scroll up or down (vertical scroll bar) or left or right (horizontal scroll bar). Clicking the scroll arrow will move your window in that direction. Scroll bar --- Scroll bars allow you to select a value within a range, such as what part of a document to see, or what value to set the Red, Green, and Blue components of a color to. Scroll box --- A small box located in the scroll bar that shows where the visible window is located in relation to the entire document, menu, or list. You can click and drag the scroll box to make other portions of the document, menu, or list visible. ScSI Configured Automagically (SCAM) --- The specification for Plug and Play or SCSI buses. This specification makes it unnecessary to set a SCSI Id, as the configuration software negotiates and sets the id for each connected SCSI device (that is Plug and Play compliant!). SDK --- A technology developed by Western Digital that significantly improves the performance of removable media storage peripherals such as CD-ROM drives. Instead of connecting directly to the PC via an EIDE interface, these peripherals connect directly to the hard drive through the new SDX interface. Special Interest Group --- People with a common interest who meet or exchange e-mail messages on a particular topic in an organized way. Not to be confused with a signature file or .sigfile Search Engines --- A databased website containing information which can be used to find sites of interest. Secure channel --- A technology that provides privacy, integrity, and authentication in point-to-point communications such as a connection on the Internet between a Web browser and a Web server. SEE ALSO Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), and Internet Security. Page 192 Security Certificate --- Serif Fonts   Security Certificate --- A chunk of information (often stored as a text file) that is used by the SSL protocol to establish a secure connection. Security Certificates contain information about who it belongs to, who it was issued by, a unique serial number or other unique identification, valid dates, and an encrypted “fingerprint” that can be used to verify the contents of the certificate. In order for an SSL connection to be created both sides must have a valid Security Certificate. See Also: Certificate Authority , SSL Select --- To specify a section of text or graphics for initiating an action. To select also can be to choose an option in a dialog box. Selection handles --- Small black boxes indicating that a graphic object has been selected. With some Windows applications, you can click and drag a selection handle to resize the selected object. SeML --- Standard Generalized Markup Language -- forerunner of HTML, still defended by some as an international standard for computer documents. Serial port --- See COM Serif Fonts --- Serif Fonts have projections (serifs) that extend the upper and lower strokes of the set's characters beyond their normal boundaries, for example, Courier. San-Serif Fonts do not have these projections, for example, Arial. Page 193 Server --- Shell account   Server --- A computer, or a software package, that provides a specific kind of service to client software running on other computers. The term can refer to a particular piece of software, such as a WWW server, or to the machine on which the software is running, e.g.Our mail server is down today, that’s why e-mail isn’t getting out. A single server machine could have several different server software packages running on it, thus providing many different servers to clients on the network. See Also: Client , Network Server application --- In OLE terminology, an application that supplies an object, (such as a drawing), to a client application, (such as a word processing program), for inclusion in a complex document. Server Errors --- An error occurring at the server. Server errors are in the 500-range. See "Return Code" definition. Shareware --- A method of distributing software, often including downloading the software from a BBS or the Microsoft Network. With shareware, you get to use the software before deciding to pay for it. By paying for the software and registering it, you usually receive a manual; perhaps the most up-to-date version (which may include additional functionality). Shareware versions of software often include intrusive reminders to register--the registered versions do not include these reminders. Shell --- 1) Another name for a dial-up account, especially in UNIX. 2) Users rarely interact with the programming or OS, but instead work through commands (a command line). The program which creates a command line for typed commands is often called the "shell" while a graphic command interface is called a GUI. Shells give you a command prompt (usually "C:" for dos, either "$" or "%" for UNIX). Shell account --- A UNIX-based account that allows an indirect, command-line connection to the Internet.

Shockwave --- Source document

Pages 194 --- 199

Page 194 Shockwave --- Shouting   Shockwave --- A Web browser plugin which provides for Macromedia Director movies to be viewed on World Wide Web pages. Shockwave is a key component of Macromedia's solution for interactive professionals who develop digital media for the World Wide Web. If you have created an interactive movie using Macromedia Director, you will need to compress the movie through a program called "Afterburner" before you can use it as Shockwave on a Web site. Shortcut --- A pointer to a file, document or printer in Windows 95. A shortcut is represented by an icon in Explorer, on the desktop, or as an entry in the Start menu. Selecting the program shortcut icon or menu entry runs the program to which the shortcut "points". Selecting a document shortcut runs the application that created the document (provided the document type is associated with a program). Dragging and dropping a document onto a printer shortcut prints the document. Note that a shortcut does NOT create a copy of the program or document itself. Shortcut keys --- A keystroke or key combination that enables you to activate a command without having to enter a menu or click a button. Shortcut menu --- A popup menu that appears when you right click an object for which a menu is appropriate. The shortcut menu displays only those options which make sense for the object you select and current conditions. Shouting --- WRITING IN ALL CAPS IS CALLED SHOUTING, AND IS CONSIDERED VERY RUDE! Page 195 SIG --- SLIP   SIG --- An e-mail discussion group on most on-line services is usually called a SIG (Special Interest Group); the other most common term is forum. GEnie uses the term "roundtable." Signal to Noise Ratio --- The amount of useful information to be found in a given Usenet newsgroup. Often used derogatorily, for example: "the signal-to-noise ratio in this newsgroup is pretty low." Signature file --- A file automatically attached to outgoing e-mail messages and postings to newsgroups. Site (Web) --- A location on the Internet containing HTML documents that visitors can view using a browser. .Sigfile --- .signature file - A file that, when placed in your home directory on your public-access site, will automatically be appended to every Usenet posting you write. .Sigquote --- A profound/witty/quizzical/whatever quote that you include in your `.sig' file. .Sig --- Telling peope at the bottom of a post who you are! example: tom@www.high-density.com chris@high-density.com Web Design, Graphic Design and Illustration. http://www.high-density.com SLIP --- (Serial Line Internet Protocol) -- A standard for using a regular telephone line (a serial line) and a modem to connect a computer as a real Internet site. SLIP is gradually being replaced by PPP. See Also: Internet , PPP Page 196 SMall Computer System Interface (SCSI) --- SMileys   SMall Computer System Interface (SCSI) --- An ANSI standard bus design. SCSI host adapters are used to adapt an ISA, EISA, MCI, PCI, or VLB (VESA Local Bus) bus to a SCSI bus so that SCSI devices (such as disk drives, CD-ROMs, tape backups, and other devices) can be interfaced. A SCSI bus accommodates up to eight devices, however, the bus adapter is considered one device, thereby enabling seven usable devices to be interfaced to each SCSI adapter. SCSI devices are intelligent devices. SCSI disk drives have embedded controllers and interface to a SCSI bus adapter. A SCSI interface card is therefore a "bus adapter", not a "controller". SMall Computer System Interface-2 (SCSI-2) --- An ANSI standard that improves on SCSI-1 standards for disk and other device interfaces. SCSI-2 bandwidth is 10 Mbytes/sec, whereas SCSI-1 is 5 Mbyte/sec. SCSI-2 also permits command-tag queuing, which enables up to 256 requests to be queued without waiting for the first request. Another SCSI-2 feature is the bus' capability to communicate with more than one type of device at the same time, where a single SCSI-1 host adapter only supported one type of device to communicate on the bus. SMDS --- (Switched Multimegabit Data Service) -- A new standard for very high-speed data transfer. SMileys --- Writing and posting may leave out emotional context -- so emoticons or smileys are used: :-) smile or joke :-( frown or sad ;-) wink (tip your head to the left). There are dozens of these. To respond to a joke, the sequence is (g)=grin; (VBG)=very big grin; LOL=laugh out loud; ROTF=rolling on the floor; ROTFLMAO=rolling on the floor, laughing my ass off; ROTFLMAOKAS=...."kicking & screaming," etc. Click here to see a much larger list of smileys Page 197 SMTP --- Soft fonts   SMTP --- (Simple Mail Transport Protocol) -- The main protocol used to send electronic mail on the Internet. SMTP consists of a set of rules for how a program sending mail and a program receiving mail should interact. Almost all Internet email is sent and received by clients and servers using SMTP, thus if one wanted to set up an email server on the Internet one would look for email server software that supports SMTP. See Also: Client , Server Snail-mail --- What you get from the US Postal Service/UPS, etc.. SnMP --- (Simple Network Management Protocol) -- A set of standards for communication with devices connected to a TCP/IP network. Examples of these devices include routers, hubs, and switches. A device is said to be “SNMP compatible” if it can be monitored and/or controlled using SNMP messages. SNMP messages are known as “PDU’s” - Protocol Data Units. Devices that are SNMP compatible contain SNMP “agent” software to receive, send, and act upon SNMP messages. Software for managing devices via SNMP are available for every kind of commonly used computer and are often bundled along with the device they are designed to manage. Some SNMP software is designed to handle a wide variety of devices. See Also: Network , Router Soft fonts --- Depending on your printing hardware, soft fonts may be downloaded to your printer. Downloading fonts reduces the time taken by the printer to process printouts. Although downloading soft fonts is done only once (per session), benefits are realized through subsequent printing. Page 198 Solitaire --- Source document   Solitaire --- A card game included with Windows 95 for a single player. The object of solitaire is to turn all the cards in the seven face-down stacks face-up on top of the each of the four aces for each of the four suites. Soundblaster --- An extremely popular family of sound boards, developed and marketed by Creative Labs. Because of the popularity and large market share of this product family, most sound boards advertise themselves as "soundblaster compatible", meaning that drivers provided in Windows, Windows 95, and programs such as games will work with these boards. However, some board's compatibility is not perfect. Soundcard --- An optional computer circuit card for IBM PC's. It provides high-quality stereo sound output under program control. A "multimedia" PC usually includes a sound card. One of the best known is the SoundBlaster. SEE ALSO: duplex Soundplayer --- A browser helper application for playing sound files. Source code --- The form in which a computer program is written. On the Internet among others the source code for a Web page could contain any of the following languages: HTML, Javascript, Java, and SGML. These codes in turn may call upon other scripts or documents which are written in the same code or pehaps an entirely different code such as Perl, C++ (CGI), or Lingo (Shockwave). SEE ALSO: document source. Source document --- In OLE, the document that contains the information you want to link into (to appear in) another document (the destination document).

Spam (or Spamming) --- Subnet mask

Pages 199 --- 203

Page 199 Spam (or Spamming) --- Spider   Spam (or Spamming) --- An inappropriate attempt to use a mailing list, or USENET or other networked communications facility as if it was a broadcast medium (which it is not) by sending the same message to a large number of people who didn’t ask for it. The term probably comes from a famous Monty Python skit which featured the word spam repeated over and over. The term may also have come from someone’s low opinion of the food product with the same name, which is generally perceived as a generic content-free waste of resources. (Spam is a registered trademark of Hormel Corporation, for its processed meat product.) E.g. Mary spammed 50 USENET groups by posting the same message to each. See Also: Maillist , USENET Spam-jam --- The over-crowding of on-subject posts in a newsgroup, forum, e-mail digest, etc. by spam. Very common on usenet. Spanking the Net --- Surfing the net, looking only for "adult" material, "STN" for short. Spew --- While spam refers to the mass sending of an e-mail or newsgroup posting to a large number of people who would otherwise not be interested in seeing the letter or post, spew is when you're on a newgroup or in a chat room and one of the participants goes on and on about something and/or types the same thing repeatedly. Spider --- A program that prowls the Internet, attempting to locate new, publically accessible resources such as WWW documents, files available in public FTP archives, and Gopher documents. Also called wanderers or robots (bots), spiders contribute their discoveries to a database, which Internet users can search by using an Internet-accessible search engine such as Lycos or WebCrawler. Spiders are necessary because the rate at which people are creating new Internet documents greatly exceeds manual indexing capacity. Page 200 Splash page --- SSI   Splash page --- An extra "first" or "front" page of a Web site, usually containing a "click-through" logo or message, announcing that you have arrived. The real information and navigation for the site lies behind this page on the homepage or welcome page. SEE ALSO: buffer page. Spool --- A temporary holding area for the data you want to print. When printing a document, it can take some time (depending on the length of the document and the speed of your printer) for the document to come off your printer. By spooling the data, you may continue using your computer while the document is printing, because the computer "feeds" the spool contents to the printer as fast as the printer can handle it. When the print job is completed, the spool file is automatically deleted. SQL --- (Structured Query Language) -- A specialized programming language for sending queries to databases. Most industrial-strength and many smaller database applications can be addressed using SQL. Each specific application will have its own version of SQL implementing features unique to that application, but all SQL-capable databases support a common subset of SQL. SSI --- server side include - A technology or process by which HTML authors can "include" content (text, graphics, etc.) on Web pages, without actually coding the properties (name, size, color, etc.) of this content in the HTML document itself. This allows greater flexibilty in changing/adding in complex portions of information that change often on a Web page (also known as: making it dynamic) without actually having to edit the syntax of a specific HTML document that contains the simple SSI statement. Taking information from another Web page and "including" it on another. It's called "server side" because the execution of this program takes place on a server. Which needs to be properly configured to handle SSI in advance. Page 201 SSL --- Startup Folder   SSL --- (Secure Sockets Layer) -- A protocol designed by Netscape Communications to enable encrypted, authenticated communications across the Internet. SSL used mostly (but not exclusively) in communications between web browsers and web servers. URL’s that begin with “https” indicate that an SSL connection will be used. SSL provides 3 important things: Privacy, Authentication, and Message Integrity. In an SSL connection each side of the connection must have a Security Certificate, which each side’s software sends to the other. Each side then encrypts what it sends using information from both its own and the other side’s Certificate, ensuring that only the intended recipient can de-crypt it, and that the other side can be sure the data came from the place it claims to have come from, and that the message has not been tampered with. See Also: Browser , Server , Security Certificate , URL Stack --- In the internet context, the whole range of SLIP or PPP programs over the OS which allows for complete use of the 'net. Star network --- One of a variety of network topologies. Star networks connect computers through a central hub. The central hub distributes the signals to all of the cables which are connected. Start Menu --- A menu located at the left end of the task bar. Clicking the button marked "Start" opens a popup menu that makes Help, the Run command, settings, find, shutdown, a list of programs (actually, program shortcuts) and a list of recently accessed documents available for you to run with a single click. For some items (such as the Documents item), a submenu opens to the side of the main item to display the list of choices. You can configure the Start menu to specify which programs are available to run from it. Startup Folder --- A folder that contains any programs that you want Windows 95 to run whenever you startup. You can drag and drop program shortcuts into the StartUp Folder to add them to the list of programs to run. Page 202 Static IP --- Stroke font   Static IP --- An IP address which is the same everytime you "log on" to the Internet. See IP address for more information Static object --- In OLE, where objects have a "hot link" to their original application, static objects are simply pasted into a destination document using the Clipboard. These objects are not updated if the original object is updated. This is the simple "pasting" that most Windows users use on a daily basis. Stop bits --- In a communications program, the number of bits used to indicate the "break" between pieces of information (see data bits). Usually 1 or 2. StreamWorks --- The StreamWorks Player brings the power of networked audio and video to the desktop. You can play "live" and "on-demand" audio and video from StreamWorks Servers across the globe. The StreamWorks Transmitter allows for LIVE network encoding of digital audio and video over today's networks. Taking inputs from analog audio and video connections, like the ones on the back of a VCR, StreamWorks Transmitter is capable of enabling live, real-time MPEG audio and video over industry standard TCP/IP networks. Stroke font --- A font that can have its size greatly altered without distorting the font. Page 203 StuffIt Expander --- Subnet mask   StuffIt Expander --- A shareware program that decompresses virtually any compressed file you will encounter on the Internet. It is available for Macintosh and Windows. MACINTOSH - Installer for StuffIt Expander 4.0.1, Use it, as is, to expand StuffIt, Compact Pro, BinHex & MacBinary files. Add the Expander Enhancer from "DropStuff with Expander Enhancer" and StuffIt Expander is PowerPC accelerated, expands more formats (including .tar!), and joins StuffIt segments. Expander now handles segmented and multipart encoded files (ie: BinHex and UUencoded files). WINDOWS - StuffIt Expander for Windows expands files from the most popular archiving and compression formats found online, including StuffItª (.sit) and ZIP (.zip). StuffIt Expander will also expand files in uuencoded (.uue), BinHex (.hqx), and MacBinary (.bin) formats, such as those commonly found on the Internet. Other archive formats supported include ARC (.arc), Arj (.arj), and gzip (.gz). StuffIt Expander will also expand self-extracting archives created by StuffIt, ZIP, and Arj. Style guide --- A set of guidelines written for the purpose of keeping consistent and standardizing the further development of a particular Web site. Style guides include everything from HTML do's and don'ts to colors and fonts that must be used to CGI and Javascript programming and grammatical specifics. Style sheet --- In word processing and desktop publishing, a style sheet is a file or form that defines the layout of a document. When you fill in a style sheet, you specify such parameters as the page size, margins, and fonts. Style sheets are useful because you can use the same style sheet for many documents. For example, you could define one style sheet for personal letters, another for official letters, and a third for reports. Stylesheets are also called templates. On the World Wide Web a style sheet refers to cascading style sheets. SEE also CSS. Submenu --- A related set of options that appear when you select a menu item (see cascading menus). Subnet mask --- A number used to identify a subnetwork so that an IP address can be shared on a LAN (Local Area Network).

Suffix (Domain Name) --- Spiders

Pages 204 --- 207

Page 204 Suffix (Domain Name) --- Sysop   Suffix (Domain Name) --- The three digit suffix of a domain can be used to identify the type of organization. Possible "Suffixes" are: .com = Commercial .edu = Educational .int = International .gov = Government .mil = Military .net = Network .org = Organization Surf --- To browse or "look at" information on the World Wide Web by pointing and clicking and navigating in a nonlinear way (meaning anywhere you want to go at anytime). Surfing --- The process of "looking around" the Internet. You're doing it now. Swap file --- A file that gives Windows 95 the ability to use a portion of hard drive as memory. With the use of a swap file, you can load and run more programs in Windows 95 than you actually have RAM memory for. A swap file allows Windows 95 to "swap" chunks of memory containing currently unused information to disk, making room in RAM memory for information you need to run the currently selected program. Using a swap file is slower than holding everything in RAM memory, however. Swash --- Surfing term for the area between the beach and the actual waves used to surf. In cyber-terms, an area for newbies -- ie a place where they can get their feet wet and learn the basics. Some on-line services, like delphi, have such areas. Sysop --- (System Operator) -- Anyone responsible for the physical operations of a computer system or network resource. A System Administrator decides how often backups and maintenance should be performed and the System Operator performs those tasks. Page 205 System --- System Files   System --- system: n. 1. The supervisor program or OS on a computer. 2. The entire computer system, including input/output devices, the supervisor program or OS, and possibly other software. 3. Any large-scale program. 4. Any method or algorithm. 5. `System hacker': one who hacks the system (in senses 1 and 2 only; for sense 3 one mentions the particular program: e.g., `LISP hacker') System disk --- The disk containing the operating system, or at least enough of it to start the system and then look on another disk for the support files. System Files --- The system files are files that your computer must have to load an operating system. These include: IO.SYS MSDOS.SYS COMMAND.COM Other important system files are the AUTOEXEC.BAT, and the CONFIG.SYS. Although these files are not absolutely necessary to boot your computer, they will automatically load the drivers that certain peripherals need to operate. Both of these files are located in you root directory on the boot drive. (C:\). The CONFIG.SYS file tells the computer which low level drivers to load at boot up, and how to set up the environment for the operating system. A driver is loaded with the command "DEVICE=[device file name]" The AUTOEXEC.BAT is a batch file that is AUTOmatically EXECuted at boot up. This file will give the computer a series of commands to set the path, run diagnostic programs, or load Windows. Both of these files are text files which can be edited with a text editor. In DOS, use the EDIT.EXE program in the DOS directory. In Windows, use NOTEPAD. Page 206 System fonts --- SLIP/PPP   System fonts --- System Fonts are used by Windows to draw menus, controls, and utilize specialized control text in Windows. System fonts are proportional fonts that can be sized and manipulated quickly. System monitor --- A program that enables you to monitor the resources on your computer. You can see information displayed for the 32-bit file system, network clients and servers, and the virtual memory manager, among other things. Most of this information is highly technical in nature and most useful to advanced users. You can display the information in either bar or line charts, or as a numeric value. System policies --- Policies, established by a system administrator, which override Registry settings on individual machines. By setting up policies, a system Administrator can restrict a user from changing hardware settings using Control Panel, customize parts of the Desktop like the Network Neighborhood or the Programs folder, and maintain centrally located network settings, such as network client customizations or the ability to install file & printer services. This program can also control access to a computer, enable user profiles, and maintain password control. System Resources --- See heap. SLIP/PPP --- To connect to the Internet via Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP) or Point to Point Protocol (PPP), you need to have TCP/IP software on your computer. When connected by SLIP/PPP, your computer actually becomes another node on the Internet. You can then run popular client software directly. This has an advantage over a shell account where you will have to double download in order to transfer a file by FTP because the data first goes to network and then to a local machine. Serial Line Internet Protocol -- Communication protocol used over serial lines to support Internet connectivity. Page 207 Sort --- Spiders   Sort --- To arrange a collection of items into a specific order. The items could be records or files, directories, data structures etc. To impose an order such as ascending or descending, numerical, alphabetical, and date. Spiders --- An automated program which searches the internet.